Bone and Muscle Diseases

1. Fracture
   1. Close Fracture
   2. Open Fracture
2. Sprain
   1. Cause
   • Sudden twisting that stretches or tears the tissues of the ligaments
   2. Effect
   • Extremely painful
   • Injured partr often swells and turns black and blue
   3. Solutions
   • Rest
   • Elevation of the injured part
   • Application of the cold compress
   • Application of the elastic bandage
   • Special types of excercises
3. Osteoporosis
   1. Cause
   • Inadequate calcium in the diet
   2. Effect
   • Bone mass decreases
   • Bone spaces become enlarged
   • Bones soften and become porous and fragile
   • Bones become brittle
4. Poliomyelitis
   1. Cause
   • A virus attacks the nerve cells of the brain and spinal cord, causing paralysis.
   2. Symptoms
   • Fever
   • Headache
   • Sore throat
   • Vomiting
   3. Effect
   • Muscles become weak
   • Movement Becomes difficult
   4. Solutions
   • Vaccinations against polio in early life
   • Proper diet
   • Physical therapy
5. Arthritis
   1. Joints most frequently affected
   • Hands
   • Hips
   • Knees
   • Lower back
   • Neck